The European Commission's action plan, launched in January 2025, aims to enhance cybersecurity in hospitals and healthcare providers, recognising its vital role in patient safety. The plan focuses on prevention, detection, response, recovery, and deterrence, providing guidance and resources tailored to the sector's unique needs, while integrating existing regulations like GDPR and NIS2.
DORA is usually discussed in terms of risk frameworks, incident reporting and resilience testing. Those subjects matter, but many real attacks still succeed through something much simpler: an identity with more access than it should have. An administrator account is…
The Cyber Solidarity Act is not another enterprise compliance checklist. It builds shared European capacity to detect, prepare for and respond to large-scale cyber incidents. The EU Cyber Solidarity Act entered into force on 4 February 2025. It responds to…
Botswana replaced its earlier privacy regime with a more operational 2024 Act covering overseas services, breach reporting, high-risk processing and regulator powers.
Romania’s NIS2 framework arrived on the final day of 2024 through an emergency ordinance, turning a delayed transposition into an immediate scope, registration and governance exercise. Emergency Ordinance No. 155 of 30 December 2024 was published and entered into force…
Chile is transforming an older database law into a modern accountability regime, created a dedicated regulator and given organisations until 1 December 2026 to make the change operational. Chile published Law No. 21.719 on 13 December 2024. The legislation substantially…
The Cyber Resilience Act, effective from 10 December 2024, mandates cybersecurity requirements for connected hardware and software in Europe. It shifts product security from optional to essential, emphasising risk management throughout a product's lifecycle. Manufacturers must ensure secure design, document vulnerabilities, and maintain transparency about support periods, fundamentally altering product quality expectations.
The revised EU Product Liability Directive (EU 2024/2853), effective from 9 December 2026, includes software and AI as products subject to liability. It outlines that defects can arise post-release, linking cybersecurity to product safety, and introduces mechanisms for evidence disclosure. Manufacturers must prepare by assessing software, security, and ongoing safety responsibilities.
El Salvador enacted privacy and cybersecurity legislation together, placing the protection of personal information and the security of public digital systems under a connected institutional model. El Salvador published two linked statutes on 15 November 2024: Legislative Decree No. 143,…
Belgium’s NIS2 regime combines risk-management and incident-reporting duties with something many national implementations leave less explicit: registration followed by a structured route to independent assurance. The Act of 26 April 2024 establishing a cybersecurity framework for networks and information systems…
