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The UK Online Safety Act Has Become an Operating Model

The Online Safety Act is no longer a future policy argument. Since March 2025, regulated services have had to turn risk assessments into operating controls. On 17 March 2025, the next phase of the United Kingdom’s Online Safety Act took…

Healthcare Cybersecurity in Europe: From Guidance to Operational Readiness

The European Commission's action plan, launched in January 2025, aims to enhance cybersecurity in hospitals and healthcare providers, recognising its vital role in patient safety. The plan focuses on prevention, detection, response, recovery, and deterrence, providing guidance and resources tailored to the sector's unique needs, while integrating existing regulations like GDPR and NIS2.

What the EU Cyber Solidarity Act Actually Builds

The Cyber Solidarity Act is not another enterprise compliance checklist. It builds shared European capacity to detect, prepare for and respond to large-scale cyber incidents. The EU Cyber Solidarity Act entered into force on 4 February 2025. It responds to…

Romania Transposed NIS2 by Emergency Ordinance

Romania’s NIS2 framework arrived on the final day of 2024 through an emergency ordinance, turning a delayed transposition into an immediate scope, registration and governance exercise. Emergency Ordinance No. 155 of 30 December 2024 was published and entered into force…

Chile’s Privacy Overhaul Has a 1 December 2026 Start Date

Chile is transforming an older database law into a modern accountability regime, created a dedicated regulator and given organisations until 1 December 2026 to make the change operational. Chile published Law No. 21.719 on 13 December 2024. The legislation substantially…

The Cyber Resilience Act Is Here: Security Becomes a Product Requirement

The Cyber Resilience Act, effective from 10 December 2024, mandates cybersecurity requirements for connected hardware and software in Europe. It shifts product security from optional to essential, emphasising risk management throughout a product's lifecycle. Manufacturers must ensure secure design, document vulnerabilities, and maintain transparency about support periods, fundamentally altering product quality expectations.

Software Is Now a Product: Europe’s New Liability Rules Reach AI, Updates and Data

The revised EU Product Liability Directive (EU 2024/2853), effective from 9 December 2026, includes software and AI as products subject to liability. It outlines that defects can arise post-release, linking cybersecurity to product safety, and introduces mechanisms for evidence disclosure. Manufacturers must prepare by assessing software, security, and ongoing safety responsibilities.